MI RESEARCH
Controlled Trials Involving Motivational Interviewing
Controlled Trials Involving Motivational Interviewing
Updated December 30, 2022 by Dr. William Miller
This is a cumulative bibliography of outcome trials involving motivational interviewing (MI) in some way, all of which include at least one control or alternative treatment condition comparing outcomes. The typical method for allocation of individuals to treatment is random assignment, but quasi-experimental designs are also included.
Caveat: The interventions evaluated in these trials varied widely in content and quality. Some were explicitly designed as MI and included fidelity monitoring. Others simply mentioned MI techniques or training as part of the intervention and offered no quality assurance documentation to indicate how well, if at all, MI was actually delivered. For a discussion of these methodological issues see Miller, W. R., & Rollnick, S. (2014). The effectiveness and ineffectiveness of complex behavioral interventions: Impact of treatment fidelity. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 37(2), 234-241.
Aanesen, F., Grotle, M., Rysstad, T. L., Tveter, A. T., Tingulstad, A., Løchting, I., Småstuen, M. C., van Tulder, M. W., Berg, R., Foster, N. E., Wynne-Jones, G., Sowden, G., Fors, E., Bagøien, G., Hagen, R., Storheim, K., & Øiestad, B. E. (2022 in press). Effectiveness of adding motivational interviewing or a stratified vocational advice intervention to usual case management on return to work for people with musculoskeletal disorders: the MI-NAV randomised controlled trial. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, oemed-2022-108637. Aarons, G. A., Ehrhart, M. G., Moullin, J. C., Torres, E. M., & Green, A. E. (2017). Testing the leadership and organizational change for implementation (LOCI) intervention in substance abuse treatment: a cluster randomized trial study protocol. Implementation Science, 12(29). doi: 10.1186/s13012-017-0562-3Aasdahl, L., Foldal, V. S., Standal, M. I., Hagen, R., Johnsen, R., Solbjør, M., . . . Fors, E. A. (2018). Motivational interviewing in long-term sickness absence: Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial followed by qualitative and economic studies. BMC Public Health, 18(756).Aazh, H. (2016). Feasibility of conducting a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of motivational interviewing on hearing-aid use. International Journal of Audiology, 55(3), 149-156.Abay, H., & Kaplan, S. (2021). Evaluation of the effectiveness of a training program for coping with PMS symptoms based on IMB model in university students. Women & Health, 61(6), 550-561. Abdolahpour, E. (2019). Effect of health coaching approach based on motivational interview on improving undesirable nutritional habits of housewives Romanian Journal of Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 26(4), 345-352. Abdulwadood, T. E., & Alradhi, M. S. H. (2022). Randomized clinical trial (RCT) of a clinical pharmacist intervention to reduce drug misuse and improve inappropriate prescribing in hospitalized patients in province of Al Basra. International Journal of Health Sciences, 6(S2), 12845–12852.Abel, J. (2019). An exploration of motivational interviewing and strenghts-based supervision to improve client session attendance.Ph.D. Dissertation, Duquesne University. Retrieved from https://dsc.duq.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2875&context=etd Abbott, M., Hodgins, D. C., Bellringer, M., Vandal, A. C., Du Preez, K. P., Landon, J., . . . Feigin, V. (2018). Brief telephone interventions for problem gambling: A randomized controlled trial. Addiction, 113(4), 883-895. See also Abbott, M., Bellringer, M., Vandal, A. C., Hodgins, D. C., Battersby, M., & Rodda, S. N. (2017). Effectiveness of problem gambling interventions in a service setting: A protocol for a pragmatic randomised controlled clinical trial. BMJ Open, 7(e013490), 1-10. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013490Abdull, M. M., McCambridge, J., Evans, J., Muazu, F., & Clare, G. (2017). Can adapted motivational interviewing improve uptake of surgical or laser treaetment for glaucoma in Nigeria: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Glaucoma, 26(9), 822-828. See also Abdull, M. M. (2017). Adapted Motivational Interviewing to improve uptake of glaucoma treatment in Bauchi, Nigeria. Ph.D. Dissertation, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London.]Abildsnes, E., Meland, E., Mildestvedt, T., Stea, T. H., Brentsen, S., & Samdal, G. B. (2017). The Norwegian Health Life Study: Protocol for a pragmatic RCT with longitudinal follow-up on physical activity and diet for adults. BMC Public Health, 17(18). doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-3981-1Abughosh, S. M., Vadhariya, A., Johnson, M. L., Essien, E. J., Esse, T. W., Serna, O., . . . Fleming, M. L. (2019). Enhancing statin adherence using a motivational interviewing intervention and past adherence trajectories in patients with suboptimal adherence. Journal of Managed Care and Specialty Pharmacy, 25(10), 1053-1062. See also: Paranjpe, R., Vadhariya, A., & Abughosh, S. (2019). Evaluating intervention trajectories of statin adherence following a motivational interviewing intervention customized by past adherence trajectories to improve statin adherence. Value in Health, 22, S160. See also: Abughosh, S., Wang, X., Serna, O., Esse, T., Mann, A., Masilamani, S., . . . Fleming, M. (2017). A motivational interviewing intervention by pharmacy students to improve medication adherence. Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy, 23(5), 549-560. See also: Paranjpe, R., Vadhariya, A., Choi, J., Essien, E. J., Esse, T. W., Gallardo, E., Serna, O., & Abughosh, S. (2020, 2020/11/01/). Evaluating trajectories of statin adherence after a motivational interviewing intervention. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association, 60(6), 892-898. Achterbergh, R. C. A., van der Helm, J. J., Van den Brink, W., & de Vries, C. (2017). Design of a syndemic based intervention to facilitate care for men who have sex with men with high risk behaviour: The syn.bas.in randomized controlled trial. BMC Infectious Diseases, 17(398).Acrea, Ryley. (2021). The effects of adding motivational interviewing to a behavioral coaching intervention to increase physical activity. University of the Pacific, M.A. Thesis. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/3780Acuff, S. F., Voss, A. T., Dennhardt, A. A., Borsari, B., Martens, M. P., & Murphy, J. G. (2019). Brief motivational interventions are associated with reductions in alcohol-induced blackouts among heavy drinking college students. Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, 43(5), 988-996. Adams, I., Braun, A., Hill, E., Al-Muhanna, K., Stigall, N., Lobb, J., . . . Spees, C. (2019). Garden-based intervention for youth improves dietary and physical activity patterns, quality of life, family relationships, and indices of health. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 51(75), S20-21.Addy, C., Mooney, K., Moore, J. E., Crossan, A. J., Hanna, S. J., Ryan, C., . . . Downey, D. G. (2017). Assessing the clinical impact of motivational interviewing on inhaled antibiotic (IA) adherence in CF. Journal of Cystic Fibrosis, 16(Supplement 1), S59.Adegboyega, A., Aleshire, M., Wiggins, A. T., Palmer, K., & Hatcher, J. (2022). A motivational interviewing intervention to promote CRC screening: A pilot study. Cancer Nursing, 45(1), E229-E237. Afriwilda, M. T., & Mulawarman, M. (2021). The effectiveness of motivational interviewing counseling to improve psychological well-being on students with online game addiction tendency. Islamic Guidance and Counseling Journal, 4(1). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.25217/igcj.v4i1.1235Agarwal, S. D., Kerwin, M., Meindertsma, J., & Wolf, A. M. (2018). A novel decisional aid to encourage smoking cessation among patients at an urban safety net clinic. Prevention of Chronic Disease, 15(180215).Aguirre, T., Struwe, L., Koehler, A., Kreman, R., Bowman, R., Schulte, E., . . . Holloway, J. (2018). Impact of four obesity interventions on biometric measures of individuals positive and negative for food addiction. Archives of Psychiatry and Mental Health, 2, 001-005.Aharonovich, E., Sarvet, A., Stohl, M., DesJarlais, D., Tross, S., Hurst, T., . . . Hasin, D. (2017). Reducing non-injection drug use in HIV primary care: A randomized trial of brief motivational interviewing, with and without HealthCall, a technology-based enhancement. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 74, 71-79. doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2016.12.009Aharonovich, E., Stohl, M., Cannizzaro, D., & Hasin, D. (2017). HealthCall delivered via smartphone to reduce co-occurring drug and alcohol use in HIV-infected adults: A randomized pilot trial. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 83, 15-26.Ahluwalia, J. S., N. Nollen, et al. (2007). Pathway to health: Cluster-randomized trial to increase fruit and vegetable consumption among smokers in public housing. Health Psychology 26(2): 214-221.Ahluwalia, J. S., K. Okuyemi, et al. (2006). The effects of nicotine gum and counseling among African American light smokers: A 2 x 2 factorial design. Addiction 101(6): 883-891.Ahmad, J., Joel, U. C., Talabi, F. O., Bibian, O. N., Aiyesimoju, A. B., Adefemi, V. O., & Gever, V. C. (2022). Impact of social media-based intervention in reducing youths’ propensity to engage in drug abuse in Nigeria. Evaluation and Program Planning, 102122. Ahmadi, M., Laumeier, I., Ihl, T., Steinicke, M., Ferse, C., Endres, M., . . . Audebert, H. J. (2020). A support programme for secondary prevention in patients with transient ischaemic attack and minor stroke (INSPiRE-TMS): An open-label, randomised controlled trial. The Lancet, 19(1), 49-60. Alamdari, P. P. (2020). Effect of motivational interviewing and motivational phone call on performing pap smear: A quasi experimental study. Thesis, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery. Retrieved from http://dspace.tbzmed.ac.ir:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/61898 Al-Ansari, A. (2022, 2022/06/01). Could behavioural intervention improve oral hygiene in adolescents? Evidence-Based Dentistry, 23(2), 76-77. Alayli, A., Krebs, F., Lorenz, L., Nawabi, F., Bau, A.-M., Lück, I., . . . Stock, S. (2020). Evaluation of a computer-assisted multi-professional intervention to address lifestyle-related risk factors for overweight and obesity in expecting mothers and their infants: Protocol for an effectiveness-implementation hybrid study. BMC Public Health, 20(482).Alderson, H., McGovern, R., Brown, R., Howel, D., Becker, F., Carr, L., . . . Lingam, R. (2017). Supporting Looked After Children and Care Leavers In Decreasing Drugs, and alcohol (SOLID): protocol for a pilot feasibility randomised controlled trial of interventions to decrease risky substance use (drugs and alcohol) and improve mental health of looked after children and care leavers aged 12–20 years. BMC Pilot and Feasibility Studies, 3(25).Alexander, G. L., J. B. McClure, et al. (2010). A randomized clinical trial evaluating online interventions to improve fruit and vegetable consumption. American Journal of Public Health 100(2): 319-326.Ali, M. K., Chwastiak, L., Poongothai, S., Emmert-Fees, K. M. F., Patel, S. A., Anjana, R. M., Sagar, R., Shankar, R., Sridhar, G. R., Kosuri, M., Sosale, A. R., Sosale, B., Rao, D., Tandon, N., Narayan, K. M. V., Mohan, V., & Group, f. t. I. S. (2020). Effect of a collaborative care model on depressive symptoms and glycated hemoglobin, blood pressure, and serum cholesterol among patients with depression and diabetes in India: The INDEPENDENT randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 324(7), 651-662. Alidoust Ghahfarokhi, F., Makvand Hosseini, S., Kiyan Ersi, F., & Moemeni, A. (2015). Effectiveness of motivational interviewing on treatment adherence in dialysis patients in Hajar hospital of Shahrekord, 2013. Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, 17(4), 17- 24. [Persian] Alfian, S. D., Abdulah, R., Denig, P., van Boven, J. F. M., & Hak, E. (2020). Targeted and tailored pharmacist-led intervention to improve adherence to antihypertensive drugs among patients with type 2 diabetes in Indonesia: Study protocol of a cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open, 10(1), e034507.Al-Ganmi, A. H. A. (2020). Nurse-led behaviour change interventions to improve medication adherence in patients with cardiovascular disease. Ph.D., University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia. See also: Al-Ganmi, A. H. A., Perry, L., Gholizdeh, L., & Alotaibi, A. M. (2018). Behaviour change interventions to improve medication adherence in patients with cardiac disease: Protocol for a mixed methods study including a pilot randomised controlled trial. Collegian: The Australian Journal of Nursing Practice, Scholarship & Research, 25(4), 385-394. Al Ksir, K., Wood, D., Hasni, Y., Sahli, J., Quinn, M., & Ghardallou, M. (2022). Motivational interviewing to improve self-management in youth with type 1 diabetes : A randomized clinical trial [Dissertation, East Tennessee State University]. Alizadeh-Sabeg, P., Mehrabi, E., Nourizadeh, R., Hakimia, S., & Mousavi, S. (2021). The effect of motivational interviewing on the change of breast cancer screening behaviors among rural Iranian women. Patient Education and Counseling, 104(2), 369-374. Alkilzy, M., Schmoeckel, J., Schwahn, C., Basner, R., Al-Ani, A., Takriti, M., & Splieth, C. (2022). Multicenter RCT on intensive caries prevention for children undergoing dental general anaesthesia: Intensive caries prevention for children undergoing dental general anesthesia. Journal of Dentistry, 118, 104057.Allen, E., Polikina, O., Saburova, L., McCambridge, J., Elbourne, D., Pakriev, S., . . . Leon, D. A. (2011). The efficacy of a brief intervention in reducing hazardous drinking in working age men in Russia: The HIM (Health for Izhevsk men) individually randomised parallel group exploratory trial Trials, 12(238).Allen, K. D., Woolson, S., Hoenig, H. M., Bongiorni, D., Byrd, J., Caves, K., Hall, K. S., Heiderscheit, B., Hodges, N. J., Huffman, K. M., Morey, M. C., Ramasunder, S., Severson, H., Van Houtven, C., Abbate, L. M., & Coffman, C. J. (2021). Stepped exercise program for patients with knee osteoarthritis. Annals of Internal Medicine, 174(3), 298-307. See also Allen, K. D., Bongiorni, D., Caves, K., Coffman, C. J., Floegel, T. A., Greysen, H. M., . . . Woolson, S. (2019). STepped exercise program for patients with knee OsteoArthritis (STEP-KOA): protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 20(1), 254. doi:10.1186/s12891-019-2627-8Allsop, S., B. Saunders, et al. (1997). A trial of relapse prevention with severely dependent male problem drinkers. Addiction 92(1): 61-73.Almabadi, E. S., Bauman, A., Akhter, R., Gugusheff, J., Van Buskirk, J., Sankey, M., . . . Eberhard, J. The effect of a personalized oral health education program on periodontal health in an at-risk population: A randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18(2), 846. Almomani, F., K. Williams, et al. (2009). Effects of an oral health promotion program in people with mental illness. Journal of Dental Research 88(7): 648-652.Aloia, M. S., Arnedt, J. T., Riggs, R. L. Hecht, J. & Borelli, B. (2004). Clinical management of poor adherence to CPAP: Motivational enhancement. Behavioral Sleep Medicine 2(4): 205-222.Alothman, S.A.; Alshehri, M.M.; Almasud, A.A.; Aljubairi, M.S.; Alrashed, I.; Abu Shaphe, M.; Alghannam, A.F. Virtual behavioral intervention to promote healthy lifestyle behaviors: A feasibility RCT during COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare 2023, 11, 91. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11010091Alrashdi, M., Cervantes Mendez, M. J., & Farokhi, M. R. (2021). Randomized Clinical Trial Preventive Outreach Targeting Dental Caries and Oral-Health-Related Quality of Life for Refugee Children. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18(1668). Alrashdi, M., Hameed, A., Mendez, M. J. C., & Farokhi, M. (2021). Education intervention with respect to the oral health knowledge, attitude, and behaviors of refugee families: A randomized clinical trial of effectiveness. Journal of Public Health Dentistry, 81(2), 90-99. Alves, P. C., Ferreira, I. S., Santos, M. C. L., de Almeida, A. O. A., & Fernandes, A. F. C. (2019). Effects of educational intervention on knowledge and attitude on early detection of breast cancer Revista da Rede de Enfermagem do Nordeste - Rev Rene, 20(e40765).Alwyn, T., B. John, et al. (2004). The addition of a psychological intervention to a home detoxification programme. Alcohol and Alcoholism 39(6): 536-541.Ambresin, A. E., Otjes, C. P., Patton, G. C., Sawyer, S. M., Thursiaingam, S., English, D. R., . . . Sanci, L. A. (2017). Training general pratitioners to detect probable mental disorders in young people during health risk screening. Journal of Adolescent Health, 61(3), 302-309. Amiri, P., Jalali-Farahani, S., Zarkesh, M., Gharibzadeh, S., Hedayati, M., & Azizi, F. (2020). Behavioral interventions for weight management in overweight and obese adolescents: A comparison between a motivation-based educational program and conventional dietary counseling. International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 18(1), e88192.Amiruddin, R., Jafar, N., Ansar, J., & Tasya, Z. (2021). Motivation Interview Effectiveness and Optimism Efficiency on the Quality of Life of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Macedonian Journal of Medical Science, 9(E):402-405. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.6007.Ammerman, R. T., Herbst, R., Mara, C. A., Taylor, S., McClure, J. M., Burkhardt, M. C., & Stark, L. J. (2022). Integrated behavioral health increases well-child visits and immunizations in the first year. Journal of Pediatric Psychology 47(3), 360-369Amorim, A. B., Pappas, E., Simic, M., Ferreira, M. L., Jennings, M., Tiedemann, A., . . . Ferreira, P. H. (2019). Integrating Mobile-health, health coaching, and physical activity to reduce the burden of chronic low back pain trial (IMPACT): A pilot randomised controlled trial. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 20(71).Anastasiadou, D., Vázquez-De Sebastián, J., Spanlang, B., Slater, M., Quiroga, J. A., Parramón Puig, G., Ciudin, A., Comas, M., & Lusilla-Palacios, P. (2022). Can the integration of Motivational Interviewing skills in a virtual self-conversation be effective in promoting lifestyle changes among healthy adults and patients with obesity? A usability study. European Psychiatry, 65(S1), S575-S575. See also Anastasiadou, D., Slater, M., Spanlang, B., Cano Porras, D., Comas, M., Ciudin, A., Puig, G. P., Vázquez-De Sebastián, J., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., & Lusilla-Palacios, P. (2022). Clinical efficacy of a virtual reality tool for the treatment of obesity: study protocol of a randomised controlled trial. BMJ open, 12(6), e060822. Anastopoulou, K., Fradelos, E. C., Misouridou, E., Kourakos, M., Berk, A., Papathanasiou, J. V., . . . Zyga, S. (2016). Moderating nutritious habits in psychiatric patients using transtheoretical model of change and counseling GeNeDis, 63-71.Anderson, D., Seib, C., Tjondronegoro, D., Turner, J., Monterosso, L., McGuire, A., . . . McCarthy, A. L. (2017). The women’s wellness after cancer program: A multisite, single-blinded, randomised controlled trial protocol. BMC Cancer, 17(98).Anderson, E. S., Rusoja, E., Luftig, J., Ullal, M., Shardha, R., Schwimmer, H., Friedman, A., Hailozian, C., & Herring, A. A. (2022 in press). Effectiveness of substance use navigation for emergency department patients with substance use disorders: An implementation study. Annals of Emergency Medicine. Andeweg, S. M., Bodrij, F. F., Prevoo, M. J. L., Rippe, R. C. A., & Alink, L. R. A. (2022). Reducing household chaos to improve parenting quality? An RCT. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 80, 101398. Andino, J., Park-Mroch, J., Francis, S. L., O'Shea, A. M. J., Engebretsen, B., Rice, S., & Laroche, H. H. (2021). A randomized controlled trial of a community-based obesity intervention utilizing motivational interviewing and community resource mobilization for low-income families: Study protocol and baseline characteristics. Contemporary clinical trials, 106626. André, N., & Béguier, S. (2015). Using motivational interviewing as a supplement to physical activity program in obese adolescents: a RCT study. . Eating and Weight Disorders, 20, 519-523. Andreae, S. J., Andreae, L. J., Richman, J. S., Cherrington, A. L., & Safford, M. M. (2020). Peer-delivered cognitive behavioral training to improve functioning in patients with diabetes: A cluster-randomized trial. Annals of Family Medicine, 18(1), 15-23.Andreasson, S., Hansagi, H., & Österlund, B. (2002). Short-term treatment for alcohol-related problems: Four-session guided self-change versus one session of advice - a randomized, controlled trial. Alcohol, 28(1), 57-62. Ang, D. C., Kaleth, A. S., Bigatti, S., Mazzuca, S. A., Jensen, M. P., Hillgoss, J., . . . Saha, C. (2013). Research to encourage exercise for fibromyalgia (REEF): Use of motivational interviewing, outcomes from a randomized-controlled trial. Clinical Journal of Pain, 29(4), 296-304. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e318254ac76. See also: Kim, S., Slaven, J. E., & Ang, D. C. (2017). Sustained benefits of exercise-based motivational interviewing, but only among nonusers of opioids in patients with fibromyalgia. Journal of Rheumatology, 44, 505-511.Ansari, F., Hamzehgardeshi, Z., Elyasi, F., Moosazadeh, M., & Ahmadi, I. (2021). The effect of online motivational interviewing on stress management in infertile women with PCOS: A randomized clinical trial. European Psychiatry, 64(S1), S761-S761. Anton, R. F., D. H. Moak, et al. (2005). Naltrexone combined with either cognitive behavioral or motivational enhancement therapy for alcohol dependence. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 25(4): 349-357.Anton, R. F., O’Malley, S. S., Ciraulo, D. A., Cisler, R. A., Couper, D., Donovan, D. M., Gastfriend, D. R., Hosking, J. D., Johnson, B. A., LoCastro, J. S., Longabaugh, R., Mason, B. J., Mattson, M. E., Miller, W. R., Pettinati, H. M., Randall, C. L., Swift, R., Weiss, R. D., Williams, L. D., & Zweben, A. for the COMBINE Study Research Group (2006). Combined pharmacotherapies and behavioral interventions for alcohol dependence. The COMBINE study: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 295, 2003-2017.Appelhans, B. M., French, S. A., Bradley, L. E., Lui, K., Janssen, I., & Richardson, D. (2019). CHECK: A randomized trial evaluating the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of home visitation in pediatric weight loss treatment. Contemporary Clinical Trials(105891).Arabian, M., Tavafian, S. S., Zarandi, S. M., Hidarnia, A. R., Burri, A., & Montazeri, A. (2017). A behavioral strategy to minimize air pollution exposure in pregnant women: A randomized controlled trial. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 22(26). doi: 10.1186/s12199-017-0633-8Aravindhan, A., Fenwick, E. K., Man, R. E. K., Tee, A. A., & Lamoureux, E. L. (2020). An intensive and personalised care planning programme improves clinical outcomes in patients with diabetic retinopathy: A pilot randomised controlled trial. Annals of Eye Science, 5(3-3). Arbillaga-Etxarri, A., Gimeno-Santos, E., Barberan-Garcia, A., Balcells, E., Benet, M., Borrell, E., Celorrio, N., Delgado, A., Jané, C., Marin, A., Martín-Cantera, C., Monteagudo, M., Montellà, N., Muñoz, L., Ortega, P., Rodríguez, D. A., Rodríguez-Roisin, R., Simonet, P., Torán-Monserrat, P., Torrent-Pallicer, J., Vall-Casas, P., Vilaró, J., & Garcia-Aymerich, J. (2018). Long-term efficacy and effectiveness of a behavioural and community-based exercise intervention (Urban Training) to increase physical activity in patients with COPD: A randomised controlled trial. European Respiratory Journal, 52(4).Arjunan, P., & D'Souza, M. S. (2021, 2021/10/01/). Efficacy of nurse-led cardiac rehabilitation on health care behaviours in adults with chronic heart failure: An experimental design. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 12, 100859. Arkkukangas, M., Söderlund , A., Eriksson, S., & Johansson, A.-C. (2017). One-year adherence to the Otago exercise programme with or without motivational interviewing in community-dwelling older people. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 26(3), 390-395. See also Tuvemo Johnson, S., Anens, E., Johansson, A. C., & Hellström, K. (2021). The Otago Exercise Program With or Without Motivational Interviewing for Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A 12-Month Follow-Up of a Randomized, Controlled Trial. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 40(3), 289-299.Arkkukangas, M., Tuvemo Johnson, S., Hellström, K., & Söderlund, A. (2015). A feasibility study of a randomised controlled trial comparing fall prevention using exercise with or without the support of motivational interviewing. Preventive Medicine Reports, 2, 134-140.Armstrong, M. J., Campbell, T. S., Lewin, A. M., Khandwala, F., Culos-Reed, S. N., & Sigal, R. J. (2013). Motivational interviewing-based exercise counselling promotes maintenance of physical activity in people with type 2 diabetes. Canadian Journal of Diabetes, 37(Supplement 4), S2-S3. doi: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2013.08.006Armstrong, S., Mendelsohn, A., Bennett, G., Taveras, E., Kimberg, A., & Kemper, A. R. (2018). Texting motivational interviewing: A randomized controlled trial of motivational interviewing text messag es designed to augment childhood obesity treatment. Childhood Obesity, 14(1), 4-10. Arnaud, N., Baldus, C., Elgan, T. H., De Paepe, N., Tonnesen, H., Csemy, L., & Thomasius, R. (2016). Effectiveness of a Web-Based Screening and Fully Automated Brief Motivational Intervention for Adolescent Substance Use: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 18(5), e103. doi: 10.2196/jmir.4643Arnett, M. C., Blue, C. M., Ahmann, L., Evans, M. D., & Reibel, Y. G. (2022). 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